A heat transfer fluid is a medium that transports heat in a heating or cooling circuit from a higher temperature location to a lower temperature location and vice versa. Depending on the application and temperature range, there are different designations such as heating medium, solar liquid, coolant, cooling brine or refrigerant.
Due to its very high specific heat capacity of approx. 4.2 kJ/kg, water is a very good heating/cooling medium.
The problem: Pure water as a heat transfer fluid in combination with oxygen would lead to corrosion in the system. In addition, it would freeze at minus temperatures, expand and destroy the pipes. A specially treated water is therefore needed. These heat transfer fluids need a high heat capacity, must not freeze in winter, must protect the pipes from corrosion, must be compatible with all metal and sealing materials and must be non-flammable and non-toxic. The liquid must also be resistant to ageing.